Working principle
The inlet pressure P1 enters the control chamber of the main valve through the conduit and needle valve 18 (see the structure diagram), establishing a downward pressure P3. The outlet pressure P2 also acts under the diaphragm (or piston) of the pilot valve via a conduit, opposing the regulating spring of the pilot valve. When the downstream pressure exceeds the set value of the pilot valve spring, the pilot valve closes, the water discharge from the control chamber becomes zero, the variable pressure P3 reaches its maximum, and the main valve disc is pressed tightly against the valve seat, closing the pressure reducing valve.
Once the downstream pressure P2 drops below the set value of the pilot valve spring, the pilot valve opens, and the pressure water in the control chamber is discharged downstream through pilot valve 9 and ball valve 6. Due to the small opening of the needle valve and the smaller diameter of the inlet conduit compared to the outlet conduit, the discharge rate exceeds the water replenishment rate of the inlet pressure. As a result, the pressure P3 in the control chamber decreases, and the inlet pressure P1, which acts under the main valve disc, lifts the main valve disc, thereby opening the pressure reducing valve.
In the stable regulation state, the discharge flow equals the replenishment flow, the opening of the main valve port remains unchanged, and the downstream pressure is stabilized. (This is the working principle of the diaphragm type, and the piston type works similarly.)

Structural diagram of 200X piston pressure reducing valve
The valve consists of a main valve, pilot valve, needle valve, ball valve, micro-filter, pressure gauge, etc. Since the pilot valve, needle valve, pressure gauge and other components are connected to the main valve via conduits, they are collectively referred to as the conduit control system. It can be divided into diaphragm type and piston type based on different pipe diameter requirements.
Main parts and materials
| 编号No. | 零件名称Part Name | 材 质Material | | 编号No. | 零件名称Part Name | 材 质Material |
| 1 | 阀 体Valve body | 铸铁、不锈钢Cast iron, stainless steel | 10 | 球 阀Ball valve | 铜Copper |
| 2 | 阀 座Valve seat | 铜、不锈钢Copper, stainless steel | 11 | 压力表Pressure gauge | |
| 3 | 密封垫Gasket | 强化橡胶Reinforced rubber | 12 | 压缩弹簧Compression spring | 不锈钢Stainless steel |
| 4 | 密封垫压板Gasket pressure plate | 铜、不锈钢Copper, stainless steel | 13 | 阀 杆Valve stem | 不锈钢Stainless steel |
| 5 | 阀 盘Valve disc | 铜、不锈钢Copper, stainless steel | 14 | 阀 盖Valve cover | 铸铁、不锈钢Cast iron, stainless steel |
| 6 | 球 阀Ball valve | 铜Copper | 15 | 针 阀Needle valve | 铜Copper |
| 7 | 膜 片Diaphragm | 强化橡胶Reinforced rubber | 16 | 球 阀Ball valve | 铜Copper |
| 8 | 膜片压板Diaphragm pressure plateмембраны | 铜、不锈钢Copper, stainless steel | 17 | 压力表Pressure gauge | |
| 9 | 导 阀Pilot valve | 铜Copper | 18 | 微型过滤器Microfilter | 不锈钢Stainless steel |